![]() To avoid the ambiguity, specifying an empty string should be avoided. In earlier versions, an empty string could be used, or not, depending on the authentication method and the exact version, and libpq would refuse to use it in any case. Specifying an empty string will also set the password to null, but that was not the case before PostgreSQL version 10. A null password can optionally be written explicitly as PASSWORD NULL. If no password is specified, the password will be set to null and password authentication will always fail for that user. (A password is only of use for roles having the LOGIN attribute, but you can nonetheless define one for roles without it.) If you do not plan to use password authentication you can omit this option. Neither prepared transactions nor background worker connections are counted towards this limit. Note that only normal connections are counted towards this limit. ![]() If role can log in, this specifies how many concurrent connections the role can make. However, superusers and the owner of the table being dumped always bypass RLS. If the user running pg_dump does not have appropriate permissions, an error will be returned. Note that pg_dump will set row_security to OFF by default, to ensure all contents of a table are dumped out. You must be a superuser to create a new role having the BYPASSRLS attribute. These clauses determine whether a role bypasses every row-level security (RLS) policy. You must be a superuser to create a new role having the REPLICATION attribute. If not specified, NOREPLICATION is the default. A role having the REPLICATION attribute is a very highly privileged role, and should only be used on roles actually used for replication. A role must have this attribute (or be a superuser) in order to be able to connect to the server in replication mode (physical or logical replication) and in order to be able to create or drop replication slots. These clauses determine whether a role is a replication role. If not specified, NOLOGIN is the default, except when CREATE ROLE is invoked through its alternative spelling CREATE USER. Roles without this attribute are useful for managing database privileges, but are not users in the usual sense of the word. A role having the LOGIN attribute can be thought of as a user. These clauses determine whether a role is allowed to log in that is, whether the role can be given as the initial session authorization name during client connection. If not specified, INHERIT is the default. Without INHERIT, membership in another role only grants the ability to SET ROLE to that other role the privileges of the other role are only available after having done so. A role with the INHERIT attribute can automatically use whatever database privileges have been granted to all roles it is directly or indirectly a member of. These clauses determine whether a role “ inherits” the privileges of roles it is a member of. If not specified, NOCREATEROLE is the default. A role with CREATEROLE privilege can also alter and drop other roles. These clauses determine whether a role will be permitted to create new roles (that is, execute CREATE ROLE). If not specified, NOCREATEDB is the default. ![]() Specifying NOCREATEDB will deny a role the ability to create databases. If CREATEDB is specified, the role being defined will be allowed to create new databases. These clauses define a role's ability to create databases. If not specified, NOSUPERUSER is the default. You must yourself be a superuser to create a new superuser. Superuser status is dangerous and should be used only when really needed. These clauses determine whether the new role is a “ superuser”, who can override all access restrictions within the database.
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